Quantitative analysis of anterior cruciate ligament instability

The purpose of this study was to quantify end-feel by evaluating instantaneous stiffness and change in stiffness of the tibiofemoral joint. Normal (n = 26), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient (n = 6), and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) deficient (n = 2) subjects were tested using the KT 2000 knee ligament arthrometer. Analogue force and displacement data were digitized, filtered, and calibrated. Force-displacement curves in the region of anterior tibial displacement were approximated using 5th degree polynomial functions. Stiffness and change in stiffness were determined analytically by the first and second derivatives of these functions. Subjects with confirmed ACL deficiency had lower values for stiffness and change in stiffness in the region of the curves believed to be indicative of ACL function, compared to contralateral knees and control subjects.