Organic phase enzyme electrodes: applications and theoretical studies

This short review reports the main organic phase enzyme electrodes (OPEEs) described in literature and illustrates some of the results obtained by the present authors during recent research on developing mono and bienzymatic OPEEs. Several of these are already mature biosensors (e.g. tyrosinase and catalase OPEEs and those for phosphatidylcholine and butyrylcholine determination) and applications have already been implemented, while, applications by other OPEEs are still at the experimental stage. New correlations are also illustrated between classical indicators, e.g. the log P value of several organic solvents and new empirical indicators, recently proposed by the authors, the values of which may be monitored with biosensors considered dipping directly into the organic solvent or solvent mixture.