Combined therapy with hypothermia and anticytokine agents in influenza A encephalopathy

Two children with influenza A-related encephalopathy were treated with a combination of mild hypothermia (deep body temperature of the forehead: 35°C) and anticytokine agents (high-dose methylprednisolone and ulinastatin), while receiving amantadine. One of the cases exhibited acute necrotizing encephalopathy on computed tomography (CT). Although no severe complications occurred, correctable hypokalemia and hyperglycemia occurred in both cases. Both patients recovered without any neurological sequelae. Our therapeutic protocol appears to be effective for managing influenza A-related encephalopathy.