Varicella-associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy with a good prognosis

A patient with acute necrotizing encephalophathy (ANE) following varicella infection with a good prognosis is reported. A somatosensory evoked magnetic field (SEF) study using a 37-channel-magnetoencephalography system demonstrated normal latency and strength of the first component (N20m) elicited by median nerve stimulation, despite bilateral symmetrical thalamic lesions on MRI. The normal SEF findings and the good prognosis suggested a reversible breakdown of the blood–brain barrier, and an edematous process as the brain pathology. Furthermore, our results support the idea of distinct generators for the three earliest cortical SEF components (N20m, P30m, N45m).