Liquid–liquid extraction and recovery of indium using Cyanex 923

The extraction of In(III) from HCl, H2SO4, and HNO3 media using a 0.20 mol l^-1 Cyanex 923 solution in toluene is investigated. In(III) is quantitatively extracted over a fairly wide range of HCl molarity while from H2SO4 and HNO3 media the extraction is quantitative at low acid concentration. The extracted metal ion has been recovered by stripping with 1.0 mol l^-1 H2SO4. The stoichiometry of the In (III): Cyanex 923 complex is observed to be 1:2. The extraction of In(III) is insignificantly changed in diluents namely toluene, nhexane, kerosene (160–200 °C), cyclohexane, and xylene having more or less the same dielectric constants, whereas, it decreases with increasing polarity of diluents such as cyclohexanone and chloroform. The extractant is stable towards prolonged acid contact and there is a negligible loss in its extraction efficiency even after recycling for 20 times. The extraction behavior of some commonly associated metal ions namely V(IV), Ti(IV), Al(III), Cr(III), Fe(III), Ga(III), Sb(III), Tl(III), Mn(II), Fe(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), and Tl(I) has also been investigated. Based on the partition data the conditions have been identified for attaining some binary separations of In (III). These conditions are extended for the recovery of pure indium from zinc blend, zinc plating mud, and galena. The recovery of the metal ions is around 95% with purity approximately 99%.