Marginal adaptation of direct composite and sandwich restorations in Class II cavities with cervical margins in dentin

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal adaptation of direct Class II sandwich restorations with resin-modified glass-ionomer cements and compomers in comparison to base and total bond restorations. For sandwich restorations with a triple cure resin-modified glass-ionomer cement the influence of different light curing techniques was also evaluated. Methods: Large butt-joint Class II cavities with cervical margins 1 mm below the cemento-enamel junction were cut into 120 extracted human molars. The cavities (15 groups, n=8) were filled using a sandwich, base or total bond technique with materials from five different manufacturers. A three-sited light curing technique was used in 13 groups. For the material combination Vitremer/Z100 two additional groups with a different wand positioning and a metal matrix were evaluated. After water storage for 21 days and thermocycling (2000×, 5–55°C), replicas were quantitatively analysed in the SEM. Statistical analysis was performed with the Kruskal–Wallis test and the Bonferroni test at p<0.05. Results: The marginal adaptation of vertical enamel margins was not dependant on the restorative technique. For margins in dentine, marginal adaptation was significantly better with the sandwich technique than with a base or total bond technique for all materials. There were no significant differences between the base and total bond technique. Overall, resin-modified glass-ionomer cements showed somewhat better results than compomers in sandwich restorations, though differences were not significant for some criteria. Vitremer/Z100 sandwich restorations applied with a metal matrix showed the highest mean percentage of excellent margins of all experimental groups. Conclusions: Both resin-modified glass-ionomer cements and compomers can improve the marginal quality when used in a sandwich technique. Further research is necessary to determine the ideal material combination for sandwich restorations.