Role of mechanical environment and implant design on bone tissue differentiation: current knowledge and future contexts

Objectives. To evaluate published evidence related to bone reactions to varying loading regimens and the impact of implant design on bone tissue differentiation. Data and sources. The literature was searched for original research articles relating effect of mechanical environment on bone tissue and effects of implant design on bone biomechanics and marginal bone reactions using MEDLINE® and manual tracing of references cited in key papers otherwise not elicited. Study selection. Current literature on biomechanics of bone and dental implants as main focus and pertinent to key aspects of the review. Conclusions. Implant design influences force transmission characteristics in peri-implant bone, but not the time-dependent marginal bone reactions. Mechanical signals affect bone tissue differentiation. Therefore, it is essential to control biomechanical loads on implants to maintain osseointegration and/or to promote early bone-implant interface healing.