Properties and characteristics of the dyes injected to assist axillary sentinel node localization in breast surgery

Aims A review of the safety profile of dyes injected to assist in sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer. Methods A literature search was performed of the medline database 1966–2005 using the Ovid® web Gateway detailing the words sentinel node, breast cancer, allergic reactions, blue dye, isosulfan blue, patent blue and methylene blue. Results There are reported side-effects from the parenteral administration of dyes, which range from minor to life threatening in severity. There are differences between the dyes as regards their effects. These aspects are discussed. Conclusion Many dyes have been used for SLNB with acceptable identification rates. There are variable side-effects for each of those dyes. Further research is needed to clarify the safety profile of these dyes.