Presentation of self and microbial lipids by CD1 molecules

CD1 molecules present both self lipids and microbial lipids. Recent studies have elucidated novel antigenic structures that can be presented by CD1 for T cell stimulation, as well as new pathways for lipid-antigen presentation. Additionally, the development of lipid–CD1 tetramers now permits the tracking of CD1-reactive T cells during immune responses. Despite this, the roles of CD1-reactive T cells in both host defense and immune regulation remain to be unequivocally defined.