Undulate phase boundaries on binary T–x diagrams

Usually, an inflection point on a phase boundary is considered as an unambiguous indication that one of phases participating in the equilibrium is internally unstable, i.e. that it is prone to separation. Subsequently, it is habitually deemed that the inflection point may appear only if a thermodynamic model of this phase contains an excess term. It is shown that in contrast to this belief, inflection points on a phase boundary may appear when a pure solid component or a stoichiometric binary phase is in equilibrium with the ideal binary solution, which is internally stable, indeed.