Superoxide electrode based on covalently immobilized cytochrome c: modelling studies

We have recently described an optimised electrode for the detection of enzymatic and cellular superoxide (O2•−) production based on cytochrome c immobilized covalently at a surface-modified gold electrode and applied this system to the study of free radical production by activated human glioblastoma cells. In this paper we report the development of a mathematical model for the O2•− electrode responding to enzymically produced O2•− which should enable the determination of absolute concentrations of O2•− in biological systems when this electrode is employed for direct, real-time monitoring of free radical release and interactions.