Expression of the antioxidant stress protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in human leukocytes : Acute and adaptational responses to endurance exercise

Inducible heme oxygenase (HO-1) is an antioxidant stress protein, that is mainly induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines and hyperthermia. By using flow cytometry the present investigation demonstrated a rise in the cytoplasmic expression of HO-1 in lympho- (L), mono- (M) and granulocytes (G) of 9 endurance-trained male subjects after a half marathon run. The expression was more pronounced in M (median: 98.3% HO-1 positive cells/4.31 mfc) and G (94.8%/1.93 mfc) than in L (80.1%/ 1.51 mfc) when measured 3 h post-exercise. Additionally the exercise protocol caused a rise in the plasma levels of myeloperoxidase, TNFα and interleukin-8 (IL-8), indicating an inflammatory response. We could detect a correlation between IL-8 and HO-1, directly after exercise, that was apparent in G (r = 0.67, p < .05) and L (r = 0.80, p < .05), but did not reach significance in M (r = 0.65, p = 0.06). An additional detection of HO-1 at rest in 12 untrained subjects showed a higher baseline expression of HO-1 compared to the athletes. The regulatory pathways leading to an increased expression of HO-1 after endurance exercise are not completely clear, but a causal involvement of a cytokine-mediated generation of ROS must be discussed. We supposed that the down-regulation of the baseline expression of HO-1 in athletes reflects an adaptional mechanism to regular exercise training.