Pacemaker therapy in very elderly patients: long-term survival and prognostic parameters

Background Permanent pacing is the therapy of choice for treating severe and/or symptomatic bradyarrhythmia. However, augmented life expectancy and increasing health care expenditures have led to questions concerning the routine use of electrotherapy in very elderly patients. This study is aimed at assessing data on the actual number, characteristics, and survival of patients requiring pacing therapy at age ≥80 years. Methods Between 1971 and 2000, 1588 patients aged ≥80 years completed a standardized 6- to 12-month follow-up after pacemaker (PM) implantation, resulting in a total of 5244 patient years. Kaplan-Meier analyses were computed to visualize survival differences in various subgroups and implantation periods. Results Today, patients aged ≥80 years account for 32% of all PM implantations. An increasing 5-year survival after PM implantation to the current rate of 66% was found, compared to 37% and 47% in the previous decades. Based on a mean survival time of 8 years, clinical symptoms can be effectively treated with costs of ≤$500 per patient per year. Prognostic parameters were the decade of implantation (relative risk [RR] 0.80, CI 0.67–0.96, P ≤ .02), a history of presyncope (RR 0.73, CI 0.57–0.95, P ≤ .02), and male sex (RR 1.20, CI 1.04–1.40, P ≤ .02). However, none of these parameters can be recommended for estimating outcome or for guiding device selection. Conclusions Patients aged ≥80 years account for an increasing portion of PM implantations. Considering the remaining life expectancy of 8 years in these patients, PM therapy is a clinically and economically effective therapeutic option to control bradyarrhythmia-related symptoms.