Relationship between anemia, cardiac troponin I, and B-type natriuretic peptide levels and mortality in patients with advanced heart failure

Background Anemia has been associated with worse symptoms and increased mortality in patients with advanced HF. The association between anemia and biomarkers of increased HF risk is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between hemoglobin (Hb), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and mortality in patients with advanced heart failure (HF). Methods A cohort of 264 patients with advanced HF referred to a single university HF center was analyzed. Hb, cTnI, and BNP levels were drawn at time of initial evaluation. Patients were divided into groups based on the presence or absence of anemia, detectable cTnI (≥0.04 ng/mL), and elevated BNP (≥485 pg/mL). Results Mean Hb was 13.0 and the values ranged from 7.7 to 17.9 g/dL. Anemic patients were more likely to have elevated BNP (65.7% vs 47.4%, P = .002). Cardiac troponin I levels were detectable in 50.9% and 46.8% of anemic and non-anemic patients, respectively (P = .3). Anemic patients were at 2.3-fold increased risk of mortality (P = .04). Low Hb, detectable cTnI, and elevated BNP remained independent predictors of mortality on multivariate analysis. Anemia in the setting of detectable cTnI, elevated BNP, or both, was associated with markedly increased mortality. Conclusions Anemia is associated with elevated BNP and increased mortality in HF. Furthermore, elevation of the cardiac biomarkers, BNP and cTnI, in patients with HF and anemia identifies patients at particularly high risk of future events.