Calcification of cross-linked collagen-elastin membrane implants in vivo and their proposed use in bone regeneration

Factors influencing the in vivo calcification of porcine collagen membranes containing elastic fibres were investigated by light and confocal microscopy. Two glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking protocols were used: a new one involving microwaving (NEWGA), and a conventional method using GA treatment at room temperature (OLDGA). We observed that the physical and chemical properties of implanted membranes will influence the acute inflammatory response, which initially checks the calcification process. The NEWGA membranes are superior in cases where rapid calcification is desired. In this context, it is proposed that NEWGA membranes may serve as a useful delivery system for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP).