Enhanced osteoblast adhesion on hydrothermally treated hydroxyapatite/titania/poly(lactide-co-glycolide) sol–gel titanium coatings

Sol–gel processing was used to coat titanium substrates with hydroxyapatite (HA), TiO2, and poly( -lactic-glycolic acid). Coating surface characteristics were analyzed with XRD, EDS, AFM, SEM, and water contact angle measurements which indicated that the coatings had a high degree of crystallinity and good resistance to cracking. Coatings were also evaluated by cytocompatibility testing with osteoblast-like cells (or bone-forming cells). The cytocompatibility of the HA composite coatings prepared in the present in vitro study was compared to that of a traditional plasma-sprayed HA coating. Results showed that osteoblast-like cell adhesion was promoted on the novel HA sol–gel coating compared to the traditional plasma-sprayed HA coating. In addition, hydrothermal treatment of the sol–gel coating improved osteoblast-like cell adhesion. Since osteoblast adhesion is a necessary prerequisite for subsequent formation of bone, these results provided evidence that hydrothermally sol–gel processed HA may improve bonding of titanium implants to juxtaposed bone and, thus, warrants further investigation.