Persistence of impaired pancreatic β-cell function in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia can induce alterations of glucose metabolism, but long-term follow-up data on this topic are still absent. We aimed to study glucose metabolism by intravenous and oral glucose tolerance testing in 32 children affected by acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and who were off-therapy for at least 1 year. 22 (69%) children presented with impaired first-phase insulin response, which in nine children was associated with impaired glucose tolerance and in one child with overt diabetes. Fasting insulin (4•65 mU/L, 95% CI 1•1–8•1; p=0•008), insulinogenic index (0•46; 0•02–0•98; p=0•03), and homoeostatic model assessment β-cell function (80•1, 7•2–153; p=0•02) were reduced in the children with impaired insulin response. Chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is associated with β-cell function damage, which persists even after therapy has been stopped.