A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia

The present research examines the possibility that ‘freezing’ or slowing-down the rate at which threats can advance and thereby blocking a sense of looming vulnerability can reduce fears of contamination and avoidance behavior among individuals with obsessional symptoms. Mental imagery was used to reduce the rate at which threat can advance by means of instructions to imagine that contamination was ‘frozen’ in place and unable to move. Measures included self-reports of anxiety and worry, and indirect assessments of fear and avoidance behavior. A parallel mental imagery condition was used to examine the possibility that accentuating the spread or contamination, or its ‘looming’, would in turn accentuate fear and avoidance. The results, particularly of the more unobtrusive measures, indicated that freeze imagery reduced fear and avoidance for the relatively obsessional participants. In addition, support was found that it reduced fear for participants with relatively higher levels of imagination. However, the freeze imagery paradoxically seemed to sensitize the non-obsessional participants to possibilities of contamination they had not previously considered, and thus increased their fear. The results provide support for the looming vulnerability model of anxiety and suggest applications to treatment.