Analysis of factors predicting survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with percutaneous laser ablation

Background/Aims The factors which predict the long-term outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who are treated with percutaneous laser ablation (PLA) are not well established. Methods We prospectively analyzed treatment and survival parameters of 148 cirrhotic patients with nonsurgical hepatocellular carcinoma who had undergone PLA at a single institution during an 11-year period. Results Single tumors were seen in 129 of 148 (87%) patients, and 2–3 nodules were seen in 19 (13%) patients, for a total of 169 tumors. The median overall time survival was 39 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 30–47 months). The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year cumulative survival rates were 89, 75, 52, 43, and 27%, respectively. From multiple regression analysis, the independent predictors of survival were found to be tumor grading (P=0.002; risk ratio [RR] 0.37, 95% CI 0.20–0.70), bilirubin levels ≤2.5 mg/dl (P=0.014; RR 1.58, 95% CI 1.09–2.28), and the achievement of complete tumor ablation (P=0.020; RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.31–0.90). An initial complete tumor ablation was the only factor associated with longer survival in patients with Child–Turcotte–Pugh class A cirrhosis (P=0.012; hazard ratio [HR] 0.48, 95% CI 0.23–1.03). Conclusions A complete tumor ablation results in improved survival in all patients with nonsurgical hepatocellular carcinoma. Ideal candidates for PLA are those with a well-differentiated histology, and normal bilirubin levels.