Chimeric GB virus B genomes containing hepatitis C virus p7 are infectious in vivo

Background/Aims The development of new therapies for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been hampered by the lack of a small animal model. GB virus B (GBV-B), which infects new world monkeys, has been proposed as a surrogate system for HCV replication. Despite their short genetic distance, however, difficulties exist when extrapolating results from GBV-B to the HCV system. One way of addressing this is the creation of chimeric GBV-B containing HCV elements. Methods Construction and analysis of GBV-B chimeras in which the p13 ion channel was replaced by its HCV counterpart, p7. Results Replacing all, or part of, the GBV-B p13 protein with HCV p7 resulted in viable chimeras which replicated at wild-type levels in marmosets following intra-hepatic RNA injection. Serum from one animal injected with chimeric RNA was infectious in three naïve recipients, indicating that chimeras formed fully infectious virions. Amantadine, which blocks the ion channel activity of both HCV and GBV-B proteins in vitro, also inhibited GBV-B replication in primary hepatocytes. Conclusions These viruses highlight the potential for chimeric GBV-B in the development of HCV-specific therapies and will provide a means of developing HCV p7 as a therapeutic target.