Abstract :
This paper investigates the sensitivity of the peak hour plaza delay to market penetration of the electronic toll collection (ETC) system using the toll plaza simulation model developed by the Transportation Systems Institute at the University of Central Florida. This microscopic and stochastic computer software was applied to the busiest toll plaza in Orlando, Florida. The findings indicate that, for all plaza configurations simulated with the manual lanes operating over capacity, if only as little as 10% of the manual users switch to ETC lanes, then the total plaza delay (vehicle-hours) is cut in half, the average queuing delay per vehicle is reduced by more than 90 s, and the peak hour plaza throughput (vph) is increased by more than 20%. When the manual lanes operate under capacity, the increase in ETC usage has no impact on plaza delay or throughput. This study demonstrated that ETC vehiclesʹ accessibility to the dedicated ETC lane(s) from the approach lanes could have a major impact on deciding the location of the dedicated ETC lane(s) within the toll plaza
