Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha monoclonal antibody therapy in severe alcoholic hepatitis

Background/Aims: Severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is associated with high mortality. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) has been demonstrated to play an important role in its pathophysiology. Methods: Twelve patients with biopsy-confirmed AH and a Maddrey discriminant factor >32 were treated with a single infusion of the anti-TNF monoclonal antibody Infliximab at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. Serial measurements were made for various cytokines using specific enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA). In four patients, liver biopsy samples were available pretreatment and on day+28 of therapy. Results: Ten of the 12 patients are alive at a median of 15 (12–20) months. Two patients died within 30 days from septicemia. Serum bilirubin levels, Maddrey score, neutrophil count and C-reactive protein fell significantly within the first month. There was an early, though not significant, decrease in plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, interferon-gamma), whereas plasma levels of TNFα remained near the sensitivity limit of the assay throughout the treatment course. While TNFα mRNA expression in the liver did not change, expression of IL-8, a cytokine regulated mainly by TNFα, was almost absent on day+28. Conclusions: Our data suggest that randomized controlled trials of anti-TNF antibody in severe AH are warranted.