Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for naïve patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C: a randomized controlled trial

Background/Aims We assessed the effectiveness and safety of an induction dose of peginterferon alfa-2b (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin for initial treatment of patients with genotype 1 chronic HCV infection in a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial. Methods Three hundred and eleven naïve patients infected with genotype 1 and chronic hepatitis were randomly assigned to 48-week treatment with PEG-IFN once weekly (80–100 μg depending on body weight for 8 weeks, followed by 50 μg for the next 40 weeks), or standard interferon alfa-2b (IFN) 6 million units on alternate days, both in combination with ribavirin (1000–1200 mg/day). Results PEG-IFN plus ribavirin significantly increased sustained virological response (SVR) compared with IFN plus ribavirin (41.1 vs. 29.3% respectively, P=0.030). Less patients discontinued PEG-IFN than IFN (19 vs. 31%, P=0.010). By logistic regression, SVR in the PEG-IFN group was independently associated with age <50 years, and mild fibrosis at liver biopsy. Conclusions Combination therapy with an induction dose of PEG-IFN was a more effective and better tolerated treatment for naïve patients with genotype 1 than combination therapy with high dose standard IFN. In patients aged less than 50 years with mild fibrosis this schedule achieves a very high rate of SVR.