Effect of the Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor eniporide on cardiac performance and myocardial high energy phosphates in pigs subjected to cardioplegic arrest

Background Pharmacologic Na+/H+ exchange inhibition has been suggested to ameliorate cardiac performance depression associated with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. The purpose of our experimental study was to investigate the impact of the novel Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor Eniporide (EMD 96785) on cardiac performance and high energy phosphate content in a clinically relevant pig model of cardioplegic arrest. Methods We subjected 21 pigs (47 ± 12 [SD] kg) to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and 60 minutes cold (4°C) crystalloid cardioplegic arrest (Bretschneider). The pigs were randomized to receive either systemic infusion of 3 mg/kg Eniporide before cardioplegia with added 2 μmol/L Eniporide (ENI-CP+iv; N = 7); 3 mg/kg Eniporide in cardioplegia only (ENI-CP; N = 7); or no Eniporide (control; N = 7). For cardiac performance determination we measured preload recruitable stroke work and Tau, the time constant of left ventricular (LV) isovolumic relaxation using sonomicrometry and micromanometry before CPB as well as 30, 60, and 120 minutes after weaning off CPB. LV and right ventricular myocardial adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP, and AMP), glycogen, and water content were determined at the end of the experiments. Results Neither for standard hemodynamics including vascular pressures and cardiac index nor for cardiac performance factors did we find statistically significant differences between the groups. Similarly, myocardial adenine nucleotides, glycogene, and water content did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusions In this acute study we did not find significant effects of the Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor Eniporide on cardiac performance and high energy phosphate content in healthy pig hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion induced by crystalloid cardioplegic arrest.