Minimally Invasive Port Access Versus Conventional Mitral Valve Surgery: Prospective Randomized Study

Background We compared the port access mitral valve surgery with the conventional procedure through median sternotomy in a prospective randomized study. Methods Forty elective patients with mitral valve disease were prospectively randomized to undergo minimally invasive (group I) or conventional (group II) mitral valve operation. The patients of group I had limited access through right small anterior thoracotomy and a femorofemoral cardiopulmonary bypass system using the endoclamp technique. To assess the efficiency and safety of the procedure, intraoperative and postoperative clinical data and markers of myocardial, cerebral, and lower limb ischemia were collected. Pulmonary function tests were performed to compare the preservation of pulmonary function. Neuropsychological tests were conducted for quantification of neurological and cognitive disorders. Results Mitral valve reconstructions were performed in 28 patients (70%) in both groups. Intraoperative procedure-associated problems were experienced in 9 patients (45%) in group I, and 6 of them (30%) had to be converted to direct transthoracic aortic clamping. Markers of myocardial and cerebral damage as well as pulmonary and neuropsychological tests did not show statistically significant difference between groups. Conclusions The minimally invasive port access technique for mitral valve surgery can be done with similar clinical safety as procedures through median sternotomy. The problems with endoclamping have forced us to change our practice to the more simple and economic transthoracic aortic clamping technique.