Attenuation of DNA Damage in Canine Hearts Preserved by Continuous Hypothermic Perfusion

Background Continuous hypothermic perfusion is a novel cardiac preservation technique. Reactive oxygen species play a role in ischemia reperfusion injury and limit organ preservation. Oxidative stress mediates a DNA mismatch lesion (7, 8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine [8-oxo-G]), which is repaired by the enzymes MutY homologue (MYH), 8-oxo-G glycosylase (OGG1), and MutS homologue 2 (MSH2). We hypothesized that continuous hypothermic perfusion would allow for maintenance of cardiac function while attenuating myocardial DNA damage with respect to the current clinical practice of static preservation at 4°C. Methods In our canine orthotopic transplant model, donor hearts were harvested after echocardiograms, and hemodynamic studies were obtained and served as controls. The hearts were transplanted after 24 hours of continuous hypothermic perfusion or 4 hours of static preservation, and were studied for 6 hours. Quantification of 8-oxo-G lesions, MYH, OGG1, and MSH2 concentrations were performed on biopsies using immunohistochemistry. Results Postimplant echocardiograms, completed in 7 continuously perfused and 8 statically preserved hearts, demonstrated good function and normal wall motion. Positive staining for 8-oxoG was markedly increased in the static preservation group. Staining density for MYH, OGG1, and MSH2 were significantly decreased in statically preserved hearts and equivalent between continuously perfused and control hearts. Conclusions The DNA damage assayed by 8-oxoG was significantly increased in statically preserved versus continuously perfused hearts. The DNA repair enzymes MYH, OGG1, and MSH2 were also markedly decreased in the static preservation versus continuous hypothermic perfusion groups. Continuous hypothermic perfusion reduces oxidative damage and extends preservation without compromising function.