Arrhythmogenic ventricular aneurysms unrelated to coronary artery disease

Malignant ventricular tachycardia occurs most frequently in patients with coronary artery disease who have had a previous myocardial infarction and in whom a ventricular aneurysm subsequently develops in the scarred section of myocardium. Ventricular tachycardia in the presence of normal coronary arteries and a left ventricular aneurysm is unusual and can be refractory to medical therapy. We retrospectively reviewed our experience of 10 patients treated at our institution from 1983 to 1993. Age ranged from 22 to 76 years, and all patients presented with sustained ventricular tachycardia. All patients underwent complete electrophysiologic testing. Cardiac catheterization was performed in 9 patients, and each had normal coronary artery anatomy without evidence of significant fixed lesions. A left ventricular aneurysm, diagnosed by either echocardiography, thoracic cine computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, or ventricular angiography was present in all patients. Ventricular tachycardia could not be suppressed pharmacologically in 7 of 10 patients using multiple agents including procainamide, quinidine, flecanide, tocainide, propaferone, and amiodarone. Six patients were treated surgically by intraoperative electrophysiologic mapping, endocardial resection of foci, and left ventricular aneurysmectomy. An implantable cardiac defibrillator device was implanted in 2 patients. One patient died on the second postoperative day after simultaneous mapping-guided aneurysmectomy and implantable cardioverter defibrillator placement. There was one late postoperative death. All other surgically treated patients had postoperative electrophysiologic studies demonstrating no inducible ventricular tachycardia, and these patients remain without antiarrhythmic therapy in follow-up extending from 29 to 86 months (mean, 56 months). Surgical pathologic examination showed nonspecific myocardial scarring and fibrosis in the aneurysm walls, which ranged in size from small apical to large broad-based basilar aneurysms with a cavity volume equal to that of the left ventricle. Our experience supports surgical therapy for medically refractory arrhythmogenic left ventricular aneurysms unrelated to coronary artery disease.