Flow reserve capacity of left internal thoracic artery 23 years after vineberg procedure

Graft flow volume and flow reserve were assessed by Doppler echocardiography 23 years after a Vineberg left internal thoracic artery implantation. Angiography showed good patency of the left internal thoracic artery, and the flow velocity profile was as biphasic as that of the coronary circulation. Drug-stressed test showed a physiologic reactivity of the Vineberg left internal thoracic artery but less response than that of a directly anastomosed left internal thoracic artery.