Review of facilitated approaches to vascular anastomosis surgery

Background. There is an increasing demand for an easier, quicker, less damaging, but reliable procedure to create a vascular anastomosis. This demand is not new but is revitalized by the movement of vascular procedures in various specialties, including cardiac surgery, toward minimally invasive procedures. This article reviews the most important representatives of devices or methods that have been developed in the last two centuries. Methods. A thorough literature search was performed. The outcome is presented and discussed in four parts: (1) stapling and clipping devices, (2) coupling devices, (3) glues, and (4) laser welding. Results. Stapling devices have not become the standard fashion to create an anastomosis because they are too complicated to use. In selected cases clips have potential in vascular surgery. There is a ring-pin coupling system available that is easy to use and especially suitable for creating an end-to-end anastomosis. The ideal glue is yet to be developed, and the currently available laser welding techniques have to become refined. Conclusions. It is anticipated that the future lies in hybrid techniques that combine sutures or clips with glues or laser-welding techniques.