Results After Surgical Repair of Ebstein’s Anomaly

Background. Ebstein’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve is a complex malformation. Various operations have been undertaken with varying results. Because valve replacement yielded poor results, surgical treatment has focused on valvuloplasties. Methods. Between April 1974 and February 1995, 60 patients with Ebstein’s anomaly underwent surgical repair. Age ranged from 5 months to 54 years. In 56 patients (93.3%), tricuspid valvuloplasty was feasible, mainly by creating a monocusp valve with the single-stitch technique. The other 4 patients had valve replacement with a bioprosthesis. Six reoperations were necessary (10.0%): four valve replacements and two repeat valvuloplasties. Results. There were two hospital deaths (3.3%) and a late mortality rate of 10.0% (6 patients). Forty-nine (94.2%) of 52 survivors were followed for 5 months to 18.6 years (median follow-up, 5.0 years; mean follow-up, 6.9 years). The actuarial survival rate (Kaplan-Meier) was 96.5% ± 2.4% at 1 year and 83.3% ± 5.6% at 18 years. At follow-up evaluation, nearly all patients showed substantial improvement (93.9% were in functional class I or II) compared with their preoperative status. Doppler echocardiographic studies demonstrated good tricuspid valve function in most patients. Conclusions. Valvuloplasty using the single-stitch technique is a rewarding operation. It yields good long-term results with substantial improvement in functional performance and clinical status.