Clinical Outcome and Left Ventricular Function After Pulmonary Autograft Implantation in Children

Background. Aortic root replacement with a pulmonary autograft is an alternative treatment for children with aortic valve or root disease, or both. Methods. Twenty-six patients (18 boys and 8 girls) with a mean age of 10.9 years (range, 0.3 to 16.9 years) underwent this procedures in a 7-year period. The mean follow-up period was 3.2 years (range, 0.2 to 7.5 years). Results. During follow-up 3 patients died and one autograft was replaced with a mechanical valve. The actuarial survival and actuarial event-free survival rates were 87% and 79%, respectively, at both 5 and 7 years. None of the surviving patients had complaints, and all have done well and are living normal lives. Electrocardiographic signs of myocardial ischemia and left ventricular hypertrophy were not present. Echocardiography showed autograft valve regurgitation to be absent or trivial (n = 17) or mild (n = 5). Stenosis was not present. Increasing autograft annulus diameters were noted during follow-up, but this was not related to the severity of autograft regurgitation. Left ventricular dimensions and function were within normal limits later than 1 year after the operation. Only 2 patients had a moderate pulmonary stenosis without right ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusions. The surgical results, clinical outcome, valve function, and left ventricular function in our patients have been good. This procedure is recommended as a method of aortic valve replacement in children.