Prognostic value of TP53 and K-ras-2 mutational analysis in stage III carcinoma of the colon

Background Genetic mutations involving onccgenes and tumor-suppressor genes occur in carcinogenesis, and may affect biologic behavior of neoplasms. In this study, we analyzed the prognostic value of mutational analysis in Colon carcinoma. Patients and methods Archival pathology specimens from 70 consecutive patients, resected for stage III colon carcinoma, were analyzed for point mutations by amplification and direct sequencing of exons from the K-ras-2 and the TP53 genes (topographic genotyping). Mutations were compared with adverse histopathologic features (poor differentiation, vascular and lymphatic invasion, mucin production) as prognostic markers. Results Five-year survival was 75% in patients with nonmutated lesions, significantly lower (21%) with TP53 mutations (P = 0.01), and intermediate with K-ras-2 only (45%) or both K-ras-2 and TP53 mutations (36%). A TP53 mutation carried the highest relative risk of death (2.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.29 to 4.42; P = 0.006). There was an additive effect on the risk of death between TP53 mutations and adverse histopathologic features. Conclusions The information derived from mutational analysis is creating new prognostic variables that may play a role in the choice of therapy for colorectal carcinoma.