Transanal local excision of selected low rectal cancers

background To determine if transanal local excision (TALE) of selected early low rectal cancer is an effective alternative to more radical resection and to determine the need for adjuvant radiotherapy in these patients. methods A retrospective analysis of all 47 cases referred for consideration of radiotherapy after TALE for low rectal cancer. results Indications for TALE were elective, 32; concurrent medical problems, 11; and refusal of radical resection, 4. Median follow-up was 52 months. Local recurrence occurred in 7 of 27 T1 cases, 5 of 17 T2, and 2 of 3 T3. Three of 23 irradiated patients developed local recurrence, compared with 11 of 24 unirradiated (P = 0.023). Of 28 cases with favorable histological features, 1 of 13 irradiated patients developed local recurrence, compared with 4 of 16 unirradiated (P = 0.22). Seven patients had salvage resection, and 3 of these are alive with no evidence of disease at 21, 39, and 71 months postsalvage. Recurrence-free survival at 5 years was 81 % in the irradiated patients and 52% in the unirradiated (P = 0.025). conclusions Transanal local excision of selected low rectal cancers, combined with adjuvant radiotherapy, results in a low recurrence rate and is, therefore, an effective alternative to more radical resection.