Cardiovacular Dieae, it Rik Factor and Treatment, and Age-related Macular Degeneration: Women’ Health Initiative ight Exam Ancillary tudy Original Reearch Article

Purpoe To examine the aociation of cardiovacular dieae (CVD), CVD rik factor, and CVD treatment with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Deign Obervational analyi of a randomized clinical trial. Method etting: The Women’ Health Initiative ight Examination (WHIE), an ancillary tudy to the Women’ Health Initiative’ clinical trial of hormone replacement therapy. tudy population: A total of 4,288 women age 63 year and older. obervation procedure: Information on CVD and it rik factor were obtained from a tandardized quetionnaire and examination. main outcome meaure: AMD a determined by tandardized grading of fundu photograph. Reult Prevalence of any AMD wa 21.4% (n = 919). Of thoe with AMD, 5.8% (n = 53) had ign of exudative AMD (n = 39) or pure geographic atrophy (n = 14), limiting the power to examine aociation. ignificant aociation between late AMD and CVD rik factor were (odd ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI]) older age (1.19, 1.13 to 1.27, P < .0001), more pack year moked (1.02 per pack-year moked, 1.003 to 1.03, P = .01), ytolic blood preure (0.84 per 10 mm Hg, 0.71 to 0.995, P = .04), report of taking calcium channel blocker (2.49, 1.21 to 5.12, P = .04), elf-reported hitory of diabete (2.00, 1.01 to 3.96, P = .05), and greater body ma index (1.05 per 1 kg/m2, 1.001 to 1.10, P = .05). Hitory of myocardial infarction, troke, ue of tatin, or white blood cell count wa not aociated with AMD. Concluion Reult ugget that moking, ue of calcium channel blocker, diabete, and obeity are rik factor for late AMD in women. However, the aociation of late AMD with ytolic blood preure and the effect of other CVD rik factor on early AMD need to be further explored.