Carotid atherosclerosis is associated with enhanced β-chemokine levels in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Increased oxidative stress (SOX) has been reported in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, but its influence on β-chemokine levels and progression of atherosclerosis remains unknown. We determined three distinct SOX markers: Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), total peroxide and autoantibodies against oxidized LDL (OxLDL-Ab); high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs CRP); β-chemokines: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2), macrophage inflammatory proteins (CCL3 and CCL4) and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (CCL5) and the intima–media thickness (IMT) values in CAPD patients both with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD) and healthy controls. CAPD patients both with and without CVD had significantly increased IMT (p < 0.001 and <0.01), Cu/Zn SOD (both p < 0.001) and CCL2 levels (p < 0.001 and <0.01, respectively) as compared to controls. CCL4 (p < 0.01) and hs CRP (p < 0.05) were increased only in patients with CVD, whereas there were no differences in the total peroxide, OxLDL-Ab and CCL3 levels between patients and controls. CCL5 concentrations were significantly decreased in both patients subgroup (both p < 0.001) versus controls. Multivariate analysis showed that age (p < 0.001), male sex (p < 0.01), CCL4 and CCL2 levels (both p < 0.05) were the independent variables linked to IMT values. Our data suggest a possible role of enhanced β-chemokine levels in the carotid atherosclerosis in patients treated with CAPD, in addition to age and male sex.