The role of hydrostatic pressure in foam cell formation upon exposure of macrophages to LDL and oxidized LDL

Hypertension is a major, established risk factor for atherosclerosis. How it interacts to exacerbate the cellular processes involved in atherogenesis is unclear. This initial, preliminary study examined how hydrostatic pressure influenced the formation of foam cells from human macrophages exposed to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or oxidized LDL (OxLDL). The results demonstrated that both LDL and OxLDL, at physiological concentration, were taken up by cultured human macrophages and foam cells were formed. This led to cell detachment and death within 24 h. These effects were more rapid and more pronounced in pressurized cultures. We conclude that exposure of cell cultures to cyclical hydrostatic pressure (CHP) aggravated the adverse effects of the lipids on the macrophages.