Objective Our purpose was to evaluate whether the application of serial three-dimensional (3D) sonography and the mandibular size monogram can allow observation of dynamic changes in facial features, as well as chin development in utero. Study design The

Objective Our purpose was to identify the factors associated with vaginal delivery after trial of labor in patients with a prior cesarean and to evaluate the effectiveness of existing screening tools. Study design Studies were identified through MEDLINE and HealthSTAR (1980-2002), reference list reviews, and suggestions of national experts. Results Thirteen of the 100 eligible studies provided fair to good quality evidence for the predictive nature of 12 factors. Two of the six screening tools were considered promising and demonstrated reproducibility through validation studies. Conclusions There is little high-quality data to guide clinical decisions regarding which women are likely to have a successful trial of labor. Although we identified two validated screening tools that may be reasonable for practitioners to use, further development is needed to deliver them in a user-friendly manner and further research is needed to determine the clinical setting in which they are most useful. Conducting high-quality research on the factors that delineate women who are at higher likelihood of vaginal delivery without complications and developing accurate user-friendly screening tools to integrate these data should be a national research priority.