Markers of periodontal infection and preterm birth

Objective This study was undertaken to explore the relationship between clinical, microbiologic, and serologic markers of periodontitis and preterm birth (PTB). Study design We compared women with a singleton gestation giving birth before the 37th week (cases, n = 83) with term delivery controls (n = 120). Periodontal examination and collection of dental plaque and blood samples were performed within 48 hours after delivery. Microbial levels and maternal immunoglobulin G titers to oral bacteria were analyzed. Multivariate regression models were fitted controlling for common covariates. Results Cases showed greater mean attachment loss (1.7 vs 1.5 mm, P = .003) and higher prevalence of periodontitis (30.1% vs 17.5%, P = .027). No differences in microbial or serum antibody levels were detected between the groups. Logistic regression revealed that PTB was associated with attachment loss (adjusted odds ratio: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.01-7.54). Linear regression indicated a significant (P = .04) association between attachment loss and low birth weight (LBW). Conclusion The data support the notion that periodontitis is independently associated with PTB and LBW.