Left ventricular structural and functional characteristics in patients with renovascular hypertension, primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension

To investigate the effect of different etiologies of hypertension on left ventricular structure and function, we compared echocardiographic findings in 10 patients with renovascular hypertension (35 ± 9 years), 10 patients with primary aldosteronism (42 ± 9 years), and 14 patients with essential hypertension (41 ± 6 years). There were no significant differences among the three groups in age, sex, body surface area, blood pressure, interventricular septal thickness, posterior wall thickness, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension or end-systolic dimension, relative wall thickness, left ventricular mass index, or spectrum of left ventricular adaptation (concentric remodeling, concentric hypertrophy, or eccentric hypertrophy). There were no differences in systolic function or diastolic function, which was assessed in terms of the peak rate of increase in dimension normalized for left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (dD/dt/D), the relaxation time, and the relaxation time to peak velocity of lengthening among groups. Multiple regression analysis showed that the systolic blood pressure was the most important determinant of left ventricular mass index (r = 0.56, P< .01), and that left ventricular mass index was the most important determinant of relaxation time and the relaxation time to peak velocity of lengthening (r = 0.48, P< .01 and R = 0.59, P< .01, respectively). The dD/dt/D was correlated only with left ventricular end-systolic dimension (r = 0.59, P< .01). Our results suggest that blood pressure may be a strong determinant of left ventricular hypertrophy, irrespective of the etiology of hypertension, and that the degree of hypertrophy may be related to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive patients with normal systolic function.