Preference of 12-h-old kids for their mother goat is impaired by pre-partum-induced anosmia in the mother

We investigated whether kids were able to discriminate their own mother from an alien one in a two-choice test on the day of birth when they had access to acoustic, visual and olfactory cues from their mother, and whether this discrimination depended on the selective maternal behaviour of the mother (i.e. exclusive nursing of own kids). When given the choice between their own mother and an alien equivalent dam, 8-h-old kids did not show a significant preference for their dam, whereas 12- and 24-h-old kids did. When given the choice between their own and an alien mother that were both non-selective because they had been rendered peripherally anosmic by irrigation of the nostrils with zinc sulphate, 12-h-old kids did not show a significant preference for their mother. These results are similar to those reported in sheep and may suggest that the contrast of behaviour between their own and an alien mother existing in normosmic does is important for discrimination of dams by kids at this age. Finally, testing 8-h-old kids in a smaller enclosure resulted in some improvement of their performance, although they still failed to display a significant preference for their mother. On the whole, kids are able to discriminate between their own and an alien mother goat as early as previously reported in lambs. The impairment of this ability when mothers are anosmic and not selective suggests that acceptance behaviours displayed by the mother may serve as one of the cues orientating the choice of the kid when given the choice between intact mothers. Finally, the present results do not suggest the existence of fundamental differences in the establishment of a preference for the mother between lambs, which are followers, and kids, which are hiders.

We investigated whether kids were able to discriminate their own mother from an alien one in a two-choice test on the day of birth when they had access to acoustic, visual and olfactory cues from their mother, and whether this discrimination depended on the selective maternal behaviour of the mother (i.e. exclusive nursing of own kids). When given the choice between their own mother and an alien equivalent dam, 8-h-old kids did not show a significant preference for their dam, whereas 12- and 24-h-old kids did. When given the choice between their own and an alien mother that were both non-selective because they had been rendered peripherally anosmic by irrigation of the nostrils with zinc sulphate, 12-h-old kids did not show a significant preference for their mother. These results are similar to those reported in sheep and may suggest that the contrast of behaviour between their own and an alien mother existing in normosmic does is important for discrimination of dams by kids at this age. Finally, testing 8-h-old kids in a smaller enclosure resulted in some improvement of their performance, although they still failed to display a significant preference for their mother. On the whole, kids are able to discriminate between their own and an alien mother goat as early as previously reported in lambs. The impairment of this ability when mothers are anosmic and not selective suggests that acceptance behaviours displayed by the mother may serve as one of the cues orientating the choice of the kid when given the choice between intact mothers. Finally, the present results do not suggest the existence of fundamental differences in the establishment of a preference for the mother between lambs, which are followers, and kids, which are hiders.