Abstract :
Bargaining theory predicts that as a political system’s polarization increases, parties have fewer opportunities
to form coalitions without resorting to elections, inducing constraints on the management of
political crises. This study tests the hypothesis that political polarization has a positive effect on cabinet
duration, and draws on Social Networks Analysis to conceptualize and measure political polarization.
Combining information about party ideology, inter-party distances and party size, this polarization
index measures the structure of political systems in terms of possible and actual coalitions, and identifies
proto-coalitions ex ante. The propositions regarding the effect of the bargaining environment on cabinet
survival are tested with data covering sixteen European states in 1945–99, and are fairly robustly supported.
The measure of political polarization outperforms alternative measures of this concept.
