UEP Concepts in Modulation and Coding

First unequal error protection (UEP) proposals date back to the 1960’s (Masnick and Wolf; 1967), but now with the introductionof scalable video, UEP develops to a key concept for the transport of multimedia data. The paper presents an overview of somenew approaches realizing UEP properties in physical transport, especially multicarrier modulation, or with LDPC and Turbocodes. For multicarrier modulation, UEP bit-loading together wi th hierarchical modulation is described allowing for an arbitrarynumber of classes, arbitrary SNR margins between the classes, and arbitrary number of bits per class. In Turbo coding, pruning,as a counterpart of puncturing is presented for flexible bit-rate adaptations, including tables with optimized pruning patterns. Bit-and/or check-irregular LDPC codes may be designed to provide UEP to its code bits. However, irregular degree distributions alonedo not ensure UEP, and other necessary properties of the parity-check matrix for providing UEP are also pointed out. Pruning isalso the means for constructing variable-rate LDPC codes for UEP, especially controlling the check-node profile.