Abstract :
istorically, the second half of the 19th century is the beginning of the process of modernization in Iran. Mirza Taqi Khan Amir Kabir, the chief minister of Naser-ad- Din Shah Qajar, the fourth king of Qajar dynasty (1794 – 1925), was a great reformist who was heavily involved in Iranʹs modernization. The foundation of Dar-al-Fonun (i.e. the house of techniques) is considered one of the most important efforts of Amir Kabir. Dar-al-Fonun was an institute of technology, which started to function in 1851. It was the first modern higher-educational institution that included both technical-scientific and military instruction. Most teaching was done by European instructors, with the aid of local translators. Under the Dar-al- Fonun’s auspices, various books were translated into Persian; the first Persian modern books were published and some governmental officials received their education.
