Role of Some Effective Microorganisms in Improving Soil Properties and Productivity of Peanut under North Sinai Conditions

About 77 different microbial isolates (24 Azotobacter, 14 Bacillus, 9 Pseudomonas, 14 Actinomycetes and16 Fungi), isolated from different plant rhizosphere and compost from different localities in Egyptian governorates. The ability of microbial isolates in N fixation, production of phytohormone, phosphate solubilization, antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) and enzyme production) were tested. The most powerful effective isolates were selected and identified being Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megatherium, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Streptomyces fulvissimus, Aspergillus candidus, Lactobacillus lactis and Sacchromyces cerevesiae. Selected effective microorganism showed high compatibility when mixed together. Azotobacter chroococcum recorded the highest values of carbohydrates and microbial gum production. Two filed experiments for Peanut were carried out in El-Sheikh Zowaied experimental station-El-Arish-North Sinai-DRC, Cairo, Egypt. Soil used was sandy received 1% chicken manure as organic matter and supplemented with the half dose of inorganic nitrogen, to evaluate the effect of employment of some effective microorganisms in improving sandy soil properties and productivity of peanut yield. Physical properties of soil (Hydraulic conductivity, Bulk density and aggregation), chemical properties were improved by the product of organic matter decomposition during growth season, microbial gums and root growth promoting substances enhanced soil aggregation process, subsequently soil penetrability resistance decrease. The net result was less cohesion relation to adhesion forces between soil particles. Inoculation of Peanut plant for two seasons with mixture of selected effective microorganisms significantly increased: total microbial counts, CO evolution, PDB, Actinomycetes and. Fungi. Growth parameters of Peanut (shoot length, root length, shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content, number of leaves), yield parameters, mineral content (NPK) of Peanut in soil rhizosphere and in plant also, increased by inoculation. The highest effective of soil microorganisms treatment in improving sandy soil (El-Sheikh Zowaied) properties (physical and chemical) and productivity of Peanut plant were by amending soil combined treatment with organic matter , half dose of mineral fertilizers and inoculation with the five selected microbes as seed +soil +foliar, enhancing the highest pod yield Kg/fed of peanut was recorded with triple application of selected effective microorganisms being 832 and 842 Kg/fed at first and second season respectively. Also effect for agriculture production, improving soil properties, increasing soil fertility and reducing environmental pollution.