The Inhibitory Effects of Plant Methanolic Extract of Datura stramonium L. and Leaf Explant Callus Against Bacteria and Fungi

This study aimed to investigate the effects of methanolic extract from root, stem and leaf of Datura stramonium L. on the vegetative and generative phases of the growth process of four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis) and four fungi strains (Fusarium semithectum, Fusarium colmorum, Ceratocystis ulmi and Rhizoctoina solani). In this research, methanol extract from flower, seed and leaf explant callus was also used. Liquid culture, pour plate, punch, direct drop and disk paper methods were used. The result showed that the methanol extract from green leaf explant callus had inhibitory effects on the growth of B. subtilis (ATCC KX1-A1 15561) and S. epidermidis (ATCC 0-1-B29997) with inhibition zones of 22 and 23mm, respectively. An inhibition effect of the methanol extract from clear callus on the growth of E. coli (ATCC W1485 25645) was observed with (inhibition zone of 17mm). An effect of the methanol extract from organogenesis callus on the growth of C. ulmi (ATCC 32731) was observed. The inhibition effect of the methanol extract of green callus on the growth of F. semithectum (ATCC 11599) was observed (Inhibition zones 17mm). An effect of the methanol extract from green callus on the growth of F. colmorum (ATCC 15620) was observed. Inhibition effect of the methanolic extract from stem and leaf in the vegetative phase on the growth of B. subtilis was observed (analysis of punch method). An inhibition effect of the methanolic extract from leaf and stem in the vegetative phase (inhibition zones 21 and 21 mm, respectively), from stem and root in the generative phase (with inhibition zone 20 mm) and from mature seed (inhibition zones 17 mm) on the growth of B. subtilis (inhibition zone 21mm) was observed (direct drop method). An effect of the methanolic extract from mature seed on the growth of P. aeruginosa (ATCC PA103-29260) (inhibition zone 21mm) was observed (direct drop method). An inhibitory effect of the methanolic extract from root in the vegetative phase and flower on the growth of R. solani was observed (inhibition zones 20 and 16 mm, respectively). The results showed that the active compound was atropine alkaloid. It was concluded that organogenator callus extract has more inhibition effect on the growth of fungi in comparison to the other extracts. It seems that the effective antimicrobial ingredient goes back to alkaloids and is related to tissue and organ differentiation directly.