Lactoferrin inhibits E. coli O157:H7 growth and attachment to intestinal epithelial cells

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157:H7 strains are associated with haemor-raghic colitis and haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in humans. Cattle are a reservoir of E. coli O157:H7. We studied the ability of bovine and human lactoferrin, two natural antimicrobial proteins present in milk, to inhibit E. coli O157:H7 growth and attachment to a human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2). The direct antibacterial effect of bLF on E. coli O157:H7 was stronger than that of hLF. Nevertheless, both lactofer-rins had bacteriostatic effects even at high concentrations (10 mg/ml), suggesting blocking of LF activity by a yet undefined bacterial defence mechanism. Additionally, both lactoferrins significantly inhibited E. coli O157:H7 attachment to Caco-2 cells. However, hLF was more effective than bLF, probably due to more efficient binding of bLF to intelectin present on human enterocytes leading to uptake and thus removal of bLF from the extracellular environment. Inhibition of bacterial attachment to Caco-2 cells was at least partly due to the catalytic effect of lactoferrins on the type III secreted proteins EspA and EspB