Phytochemical investigation on the Ethanolic Extract on the Leaves of Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd.

The present work is done on the leaves of Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. in order to investigate the presence of the various type of Phytoconstituents present in this rare medicinal herb. The leaves were extracted successively using various organic and polar solvents. For the purpose of phytochemical investigation, Preliminary qualitative chemical test and TLC were mainly used. The ethanolic extract of the leave of this herb showed the presence of various types of Phytoconstituents viz. Flavonoids, Saponins, Tannins, etc., and on the basis of results of qualitative chemical tests, ethanolic extract was chosen for 1-D, 2-D TLC, Co-TLC and HPTLC. Various solvent systems were tested to obtain best results but only two gave the best results. Ethyl Acetate-n-Butanol-Water (10:10:4) and Ethyl Acetate-n-Butanol-Water-Formic acid (10:10:4:2) gave 11 spots were detected in 1-D TLC of the ethanol extract of leaves, instead 17 spots were detected in case of 2-D TLC implying two developed solvent systems i.e. Ethyl Acetate-n-Butanol-Water (10:10:4) and Ethyl Acetate-n-Butanol-Water-Formic acid (10:10:4:2). All the detection was done under UV light at 254 and 366 nm. Comparative Co-TLC with standard Rutin and Quercetin, showed the presence of two flavonoids in the ethanolic extract which were Rutin and Quercetin. HPTLC studies on Ethanolic extract also showed 11 spots and colour like TLC studies, which further confirmed the TLC results. Based on these results it can be concluded that Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. contains various Phytoconstituents, mainly Flavonoids, which have proven medicinal properties. This rare herb might be very useful in various ailments like, ulcer, depression, etc. if scientific studies were done.