Molecular basis of plant tolerance to environmental stresses

The issues of how plant cells react to different stresses, one of the most interesting discussions is for farmers to plant biology and Because of the stress of living in a particular threat to the productivity of agricultural crops are considered. Environmental stresses signals, some of which are outside the cytoplasm are activated by a number of proteins are transported to the nucleus. General signal to the original signal can be divided into three types: 1 - signal related to osmotic or oxidative stress proteins of the MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinases) are required for the activation of 2 - calcium-dependent signals that lead to activation of genes LEA (Late abundant embryogenesis) as class genes DRE / CRT, is 3 - sos signal-dependent calcium ions can control the balance and static. By important genetic approach for analysis of complex processes such as signal transduction are related to stress. Enhance plant tolerance to environmental stresses and non-viable by activating signaling pathways in transgenic plants, a promising and promising approach for producing crops tolerant to environmental stresses. Generally acknowledged to be the appropriate approach in the field of environmental stress tolerance approach All aspects of molecular, physiological and metabolic integrated with the It could be due to the information gap between long-term and short-term effects of genes and their products Between gene expression and molecular and cellular level The gap in the phenotype of plant stress filled Including transgenic plants , there are limitations in the way technology is Understand that tolerance is a complex non- living Because tolerance to environmental stresses normally depends on a number of physiological characteristics Each of these properties themselves are controlled by multiple genes.