Abstract :
In the Arabic scientific tradition, the various chapters of mechanics, as understood today, are divided into two distinct disciplines: the theoretical, that is to say, the static (fall and balance of body), hydrostatics and dynamics is treated in physics. The technical and applied is independent of the first and its various elements are combined in a scientific discipline that Greek science called ingenious. This is what name it was given in the Arab tradition since called In the Arabic scientific tradition, the various chapters of mechanics, as understood today, are divided into two distinct disciplines: the theoretical, that is to say, the static (fall and balance of body) , hydrostatics and dynamics is treated in physics. The technical and applied is independent of the first and its various elements are combined in a scientific discipline that Greek science called ingenious. This is what name it was given in the Arab tradition since called Ilm al-hiyal. It consists of four main areas that have been developing as important as each other through the multifaceted application that has been expressed in the different layers of the new company, starting the first phase of the constitution of the Muslim state, at least for some of its chapters. The first area is that of mechanical utility civilian. It includes the design and implementation of systems of varying complexity to address the problems of uptake of water and its delivery for consumption and irrigation. There were also mills for various purposes (mills, paper production), related gear and lifting, automated systems for lighting, locks, etc.). The second area is that of military engineering, which, for obvious reasons, needed to innovate and therefore to imagine, test and then use large-scale new weapons or those who would benefit from technological improvements. The third area includes all the mechanisms whose purpose is to entertain. This is playfulness and artistic of theoretical knowledge and know-how that has been developed as much as other areas of mechanics because it had its consumers and its ardent supporters. As this is an expensive, it is mainly wealthy individuals (caliphs, princes, wealthy merchants) that are causing the development of this sector. The fourth and final area is not really separated from the others in the texts that have survived, perhaps because it has both a utilitarian and playful, not to mention its obvious aesthetic such as clocks and, in general, different mechanisms for determining the time.
Keywords :
Arab mechanic , dynamic , Water-clocks , hydrostatic
