Review Morphology coastal dunes and management of Guilan

Abstract:Dunes known as one of the most important coastal geomorphologic features and has a striking importance with respect to landscape beauty, tourist attraction, coastal birdsʹ habitats agriculture, vegetation growth and other economic issues. The vegetation impacts on the transient dunes and protect them by blocking sands among thick vegetation. [1] In Guilan province there was a broad spread of dunes before progress of sea water. In recent years the morphological changes of coast caused by progress of Caspian Sea level, has led to destruction of dunes. The exploitation of sand in construction activities and unsustainable exploitation of sand have several important impacts on dunes devastation. The dunes also have a prominent value from geographical morphology point of view that show the way of coast formation over natural phenomena activities (waves, flow and ebb, wind). A wide range of dunes provide an attractive place for different kind of entertainment activities which usually has a considerable commercial and cultural value. Dunes are also used for agricultural purposes and sometimes for grazing by animals. In some places, dunes are developed for industrial sites. Running sand has even a considerable importance for construction of coastal bands and dams Dunes are also important from, aerial respects, and military substructures points of view. These various characteristics mean that different individuals and organizations have different views for directing the running sand. But on the contrary to the dunes erosion in Guilan province coasts, in some villages the vegetation and it’s cultivation has improved and has also had some good results that at least caused both stability and preservation of sand movements, and provide a beautiful and safe locations. However the maintenance and protection methods have been limited from the protective point of view which different methods have not been used. In this study we investigated the different protective methods and the condition of these dunes from the morphological and natural ecosystems point of view.